Seeking Clarity on a Skin Concern
I have a substantial amount I want to convey, but the primary reason for my post is my current inability to seek medical help due to financial constraints. Before I proceed, allow me to share some pertinent details: A. I am a virgin. B. I am a 21-year-old male, standing at 6 feet tall and weighing 150 pounds, and I am Caucasian. C. This particular issue has been affecting me for roughly two years. D. I don't have any known additional health problems. E. I do not take any medications, and I refrain from drinking alcohol or smoking. The problem I am experiencing involves numerous small cysts appearing on the skin of my scrotum, not the testicles themselves. These cysts vary in size, with most being small and a select few larger. They possess a texture that is neither completely hard nor squishy, and I can observe a whitish substance within many of them. I find this situation quite unsettling and would prefer not to dwell on how unpleasant it is. Initially, it began with a lone small bump, which I mistook for a mole. Subsequently, more bumps emerged and began to spread. To my knowledge, these cysts seem to be localized on my scrotum and do not appear elsewhere on my body. Every few months, I notice a further spread. To anticipate some potential questions: A. Yes, I maintain good hygiene; I clean myself daily, sometimes even twice, ensuring that area is thoroughly attended to. B. Typically, the cysts don't cause much discomfort, although on occasion they can irritate me, leading to concerns that their proliferation might exacerbate any discomfort. C. No, I have never engaged in sexual activity of any kind. D. Unfortunately, the cysts do not seem to resolve on their own. E. I suspect that my habit of frequently scratching the area could be a contributing factor, but I've been doing so for as long as I can recall without any prior issues. Nonetheless, perhaps this excessive scratching could have triggered the condition. I find myself at a loss regarding the nature of these cysts. While I'm not an expert in medical terminology, I would like to share some thoughts that could help narrow down potential diagnoses: - **Gonorrhea**: This seems unlikely since it typically causes urinary tract infections and discharge, neither of which I have experienced. - **Chlamydia**: For similar reasons as with gonorrhea, I doubt this is the case. - **Genital Herpes**: It's possible, but the images online do not mirror my symptoms. - **Fordyce Spots**: These appear too small compared to what I am dealing with; mine are cysts while Fordyce spots are merely skin marks. - **Pubic Lice**: I sincerely hope it’s not this condition, but again, the visuals I've examined don’t align with my situation. - **Scrotal Calcinosis**: I'm not fond of this diagnosis either. Though the symptoms seem to coincide, what I have is considerably less severe than many documented examples. Ultimately, I am not a medical professional and thus may be way off base here. Once my financial situation allows, I plan to consult a doctor about this matter. In summary, I am genuinely perplexed and at a loss for an explanation regarding my condition.
Answers (1)
8/31/2025, 9:57:25 AM
OpenHealth AI
I understand that you’re feeling concerned and uncertain about the cysts on your scrotum, especially with your financial constraints making it difficult to seek medical help. It’s important to know that you’re not alone in experiencing such skin issues, and there are several common causes for cysts in that area.
Main Points
- You may be dealing with sebaceous cysts or epidermoid cysts, which are usually harmless.
- Avoid scratching, as this can irritate the area and worsen symptoms.
- Implement gentle self-care practices to help manage the condition until you can see a medical professional.
Explanation
From your description, the cysts you are experiencing could likely be sebaceous cysts or epidermoid cysts. These are typically small, non-painful lumps filled with a whitish material (keratin). They often appear on areas of the body with more sebaceous (oil) glands, which includes the scrotum. Here are a few key points:
- Sebaceous Cysts: These form when a hair follicle or skin pore becomes blocked. They can sometimes contain a thick, pasty substance.
- Epidermoid Cysts: These cysts, although similar, arise from the skin cells and can also be filled with keratin.
Both types are generally not harmful, but they can occasionally become inflamed or infected, which might cause discomfort.
Next Steps
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Avoid Scratching: This is crucial. Scratching may cause irritation or lead to infection. Try to keep the area clean and avoid touching it unnecessarily.
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Keep the Area Clean and Dry: Continue your hygiene routine of washing the area gently with mild soap. Avoid using harsh soaps or scrubs that might irritate the skin further.
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Use Warm Compresses: If the cysts are mildly irritating, applying a warm, damp cloth can soothe the area and help with any discomfort.
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Limit Tight Clothing: Wear loose-fitting underwear to reduce friction and irritation in the area.
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Monitor Changes: Keep an eye on the cysts. Note if they grow larger, become painful, or show signs of infection (such as redness, warmth, or pus). If any of this happens, seek medical attention as soon as feasible.
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Document Symptoms: Keeping a diary of your symptoms and any changes can be helpful when you eventually see a healthcare provider.
While it’s understandable to worry about what these cysts might indicate, most are benign and can be managed with simple self-care measures. When your finances allow, it’s still strongly advised to see a medical professional for a direct evaluation, as they can provide a definitive diagnosis and discuss any necessary treatments.
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# 7-Month-Old Child with Abernethy Malformation - Exploring Treatment Options ## [7-Month-Old] Identified with Abernethy Malformation (Congenital Portosystemic Shunt) - Treatment Methods? **Age:** 7 months **Gender:** Female **Height:** Age-appropriate **Weight:** Currently 9 kg, was 2.8 kg at birth **Ethnicity:** Asian **Duration of Symptoms:** Present since birth **Location:** Uzbekistan **Pre-existing Health Issues:** Abernethy malformation (congenital portosystemic shunt), liver hemangiomas, chronic jaundice, anemia **Current Treatments:** Supportive management --- ## INITIAL PRESENTATION (June 2025 - July 2025) Our daughter arrived on **June 27, 2025**, presenting with: - Birth weight: **2.8 kg** - Marked jaundice (yellowing of skin and sclera) - Pale or clay-colored stools - **Bilirubin level: 245 μmol/L** (typically <20) An immediate ultrasound indicated multiple liver anomalies, initially thought to be hemangiomas. --- ## FIRST COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT (August 1, 2025 - 1 Month Old) ### Multislice Computed Tomography (MSCT) with 3-Phase Contrast (August 1, 2025): **RESULTS:** - **Portocaval shunt size: 9.9 mm** (blood bypassing the liver into the inferior vena cava) - **Arteriovenous shunt size: 4.4 mm** - **Portal vein size: 6.1 mm** (patent) - **Three nodular cystic lesions** located in the perivascular area, with largest measuring 11.6×20.7 mm, enhancing during the venous phase - Liver features a heterogeneous architecture, exhibiting irregular enhancement - Gallbladder appears elongated and slightly enlarged - Other abdominal organs exhibit normal findings **RADIOLOGIST’S ASSESSMENT:** "Congenital portosystemic shunt indicative of Abernethy malformation; less likely arteriovenous malformation (AVM); cannot dismiss the possibility of localized liver lesions." **ADVICE:** Seek consultations with an abdominal and vascular surgeon. ### Blood Tests (August 1, 2025): **Complete Blood Count:** - WBC: 10.44 × 10⁹/L (normal range) - **RBC: 2.1 × 10¹²/L** (LOW - indicating severe anemia) - **Hemoglobin: 69 g/L** (CRITICALLY LOW; normal is 117-166) - Platelets: 403 × 10⁹/L (elevated) **Biochemistry Analysis:** - 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**Portocaval shunt: 9.9 mm** (no change, continues to drain directly into the inferior vena cava avoiding liver acinus) - **Arteriovenous shunt: 4.4 mm** (no alteration) - **Three nodular cystic lesions** in perivascular space, maximum size 11.6×20.7 mm, enhancing in the venous phase - **Portal vein: 6.1 mm** (noted during porto-venous phase) - Arteries show no filling abnormalities - Intrahepatic bile ducts remain non-dilated - Gallbladder is elongated and slightly bigger, free from stones - Pancreas: normal - Spleen: measures 66.9×38.5 mm (not enlarged), splenic vein is 3.6 mm - Kidneys: normal placements and structure - No excess fluid detected in the abdominal cavity - No visible changes in lymph nodes **MSCT ANALYSIS:** "Congenital portosystemic shunt indicative of Abernethy malformation, unlikely to be AVM, presence of focal liver lesions cannot be ruled out." **RECOMMENDATION:** Engage with an abdominal and vascular surgeon. --- ## RECENT BLOOD WORK (December 2025 - January 2026) ### Complete Blood Count (January 19, 2026): - WBC: 5.8 × 10⁹/L (SHOWS IMPROVEMENT) - **RBC: 2.93 × 10¹²/L** (IMPROVED but still low) - **Hemoglobin: 72 g/L** (SHOWS IMPROVEMENT but still low) - Platelets: 223 × 10⁹/L (BACK TO NORMAL) - Neutrophils: 30.0% - Lymphocytes: 64.8% - Monocytes: 4.6% ### Biochemistry (January 28, 2026): - Total protein level: 67 g/L (slightly deficient) - Creatinine: 20.7 μmol/L - **Total Bilirubin: 242 μmol/L** (STILL HIGH - unchanged) - **Direct Bilirubin: 142 μmol/L** (VERY HIGH) - **ALT: 50 IU/mL** (DRASTICALLY LOWER from >1000!) --- ## OVERVIEW OF PROGRESS OVER 6 MONTHS | Parameter | August 2025 | January 2026 | Change | |------------------|-------------|---------------|--------------------------| | **Hemoglobin** | 69 g/L | 72 g/L | ↗ Slight improvement | | **RBC** | 2.1 | 2.93 | ↗ Improved | | **ALT** | >1000 | 50 | ✓✓ MAJOR IMPROVEMENT | | **Bilirubin** | 245 | 242 | → Unchanged (still elevated) | | **Portal vein** | 6.1 mm | 3.9 mm (US) | ↗ Decreased | | **Platelets** | 403 | 223 | ↘ Normalized | | **Shunt size** | 9.9 mm | 9.9 mm | → No Change | --- ## CURRENT SITUATION (February 2026 - 7 Months Old) - **Weight:** 9 kg (good growth rate in spite of condition) - **Jaundice:** Continues to be present (yellow skin) - **Stools:** Remain pale/clay-colored - **Development:** Achieving appropriate milestones - **Energy:** Appears to have a good energy level - **Feeding:** Normal appetite --- ## QUESTIONS FOR r/AskDocs We have been informed this is **Type 2 Abernethy malformation** (portal vein present). **Three treatment avenues have been proposed:** ### Option 1: **Endovascular Coil Embolization** (minimally invasive approach) - A catheter is inserted via the leg vein to access the shunt and deploy coils/plugs to close the abnormal vessels - Pros: No surgical incision, minimal discomfort, short hospital stay (2-4 days), no scars, enhanced safety - Duration: 1-2 hours - Recovery: 2-4 weeks for jaundice to show improvement ### Option 2: **Open Surgical Intervention** - An incision in the abdomen to ligate abnormal vessels and redirect blood to the liver - Pros: Direct visualization, effective results - Cons: Surgical scar, longer recovery time (7-14 days in hospital) - Duration: 2-4 hours ### Option 3: **Liver Transplantation** - We have been advised this is not necessary as the portal vein is functional and liver health is improving. --- ## SPECIFIC QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER: 1. **With a functional portal vein (6.1 mm) and improving liver function (ALT normalized), is it advisable to pursue endovascular closure as the preferred treatment?** 2. **Despite ALT levels improving, the bilirubin remains consistently high (242). Should this be a cause for concern? Is there a prospect for it to normalize post shunt closure?** 3. **Are the hemangiomas/nodules (11.6×20.7 mm) linked to the shunt? Will they likely resolve following shunt repair?** 4. **How urgent is the proposed intervention? Is immediate action required, or is there flexibility to wait a few months?** 5. **What complications should we be vigilant for during the waiting period?** 6. **Regarding endovascular closure - what is the average success rate for infants aged 7 months? Are there concerns regarding the shunt size (9.9 mm)?** 7. **The measurement of the portal vein has shown improvement from 6.1 mm to 3.9 mm; should this be perceived as a positive sign or a reason for concern?** 8. **Are there special directives (diet modifications, medications) we should consider while awaiting the procedure?** 9. **Post-procedure, how long should we expect it might take for:** - Normalization of bilirubin levels? - Return of stool color to normal? - Resolution of jaundice? - Regression of hemangiomas? 10. **Can you recommend any specialized centers for pediatric Abernethy malformation treatments? We are located in Uzbekistan but are prepared to travel (to Turkey, Russia, South Korea, etc.)** --- ## ADDITIONAL INFORMATION - No family history of hepatic diseases - Pregnancy and delivery were normal - No additional congenital defects identified - Immunizations up to date - No history of bleeding disorders - No signs indicative of encephalopathy - Child is alert and engaged --- **I can supply actual MSCT images and comprehensive lab reports if they would be of assistance.** We sincerely appreciate any insights you can provide. We are striving to make the most informed decision regarding our daughter’s care and highly value expert medical opinions. **TL;DR:** 7-month-old diagnosed with Abernethy Type 2 malformation (9.9 mm portocaval shunt, patent portal vein). Liver functionality is improving (normalized ALT) while bilirubin remains elevated (242). Evaluating options between endovascular coil embolization and open surgery. Seeking expert advice on optimal treatment strategy and timing.